The Second Treatise of Government is a political treatise written by English philosopher John Locke in 1689. It is considered one of the most important works on political philosophy, as it presents Locke's ideas on the natural rights of individuals and the proper role and limits of government in a society based on the consent of the governed.

In the Second Treatise, Locke argues that all individuals have natural rights to life, liberty, and property, which cannot be taken away by any authority, including the government. These rights are inherent and universal, and are not granted by any social contract or agreement.

Locke also argues that governments are formed by the consent of the governed, and are therefore obligated to protect the natural rights of their citizens. He asserts that the purpose of government is to promote the common good, and that governments that fail to do so may be overthrown by the people.

Moreover, Locke suggests that there are limits to the power of government, and that individuals have the right to resist or even overthrow a government that becomes tyrannical or violates their natural rights.

The Second Treatise of Government has had a significant impact on political theory and the development of democratic governance. It influenced the United States Declaration of Independence and the Constitution, as well as many other constitutions around the world.