The Umayyads were early Muslim Caliphs who valued Jewss and Christians, and who put the cross on their public buildings and their coins. They were overthrown by some heretics from Persia, and Iraq, against the will of those in Saudi Arabia, and Syria.
One survived, and went to Spain, and built the intellectual center f the earth which was tolerant, highly educated, and with nearly 1 million hand written volumes in their libraries while the rest of Euore had 1,500 such volumes. Their libraries saved the culture of ancient Greece including Plato, Aristotle, and Socrates.
They were repeatedly attacked by external forces including the Abbasids, and Constantine, but defeated them all until Granada surrendered, but Ferdinand & Isabella broke the treaty, and their word, and expelled the Jews and the Muslims from Spain.
